The Passive and Pitiful Ethan Frome Essay -- Ethan Frome Essays

The Passive and Pitiful Ethan Frome Ethan Frome is a man torn between what he wants to do, and what he should do. Life in a rural town can be tough, but when faced with complications, it can be almost unbearable. When Ethan decides to marry his out-of-town cousin, Zeena, his life turns down a long and lonesome road. Ethans lack of assertiveness and decisive action only worsens his already lonesome and stressful life. Though to a fault intelligent for rural life, Ethan finds himself stuck in an average mans shoes. Leaving any opportunity he had to become someone in life, Ethan moves back to Starkfield to take care of his hurt mother and attend to their farm(Wharton 29). Rather than living a lonesome life after his mother passes away, Ethan asks Zeena to stay with him, which turns out to be his first mistake (Wharton, 29). As soon as his mother passed away, Ethan should have asked Zeena to leave and sold his farm. His love for learning and keenness for engineering c ould have led Ethan to a oft unwrap life. Unfortunately, he feels obligated to stay with Zeena, thus ending all hope for a better life. Zeenas ailments were nothing more than a way to gain help from Ethan and everyone else in Starkfield. Zeena wastes valuable money to buy an electric battery to help her overcome her sickness, but never figures out how to use it(Wharton, 26) She spends too much money buying useless medicine when she knows money is hard to come by. Being the man of the house, Ethan should have expressed the fact that her ailments were a factor of them cosmos poor. Instead Ethan goes by day by day doing what he needs to do, and what Zeena tells him. Unfortunately for Ethan,... ...controllable circumstances brought him back home, it was he who chose to stay and risk losing all hope for the life he had dreamed for. Ethans decision to be with Zeena did nothing but make his already dreadful life worse. When Mattie finally arrives, its almost like a sm all burden has been lifted from Ethans shoulders and he is almost allowed to live again. Lacking the ability to make decisions, Ethan worsens his life by letting things just slide by and by not standing up to Zeena, the outcome leaves Ethan more desperate and lonelier than he was before. Works Cited and Consulted Bell, Millicent. The Cambridge Companion to Edith Wharton. revolutionary York Cambridge University Press, 1995. Springer, Marlene. Ethan Frome A Nightmare of Need. New York Twayne Publishers, 1993. Wharton, Edith. Ethan Frome. New York Penguin Group, 1993.

Career Integration Research Assignment: Athletic Training Essay

The field of athletic culture is one of the fastest expanding c beers today. This could be due to the much greater demand for health care providers. gymnastic trainers specialize in preventing, diagnosing, and treating muscle and bone injuries. They work with a diverse group of patients, from young children to professional athletes. Athletic trainers are usually part of a sport medicine team, which tend to include a physician, physical therapist, and even a sport psychologist. Many athletic trainers work in educational facilities, such as high schools and colleges. However, much of their time is spent on the sport fields. The profession requires the trainers to apply their wide stove of medical knowledge and, in order to do so, athletic trainers must have strong interpersonal and communication skills to converse with the athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents (Occupational outlook handbook, 2012).Athletic trainers are mainly responsible for disgrace recovery and prevention. However, these responsibilities are physical concerns, but what about the mental concerns? There is a movement within the athletic training field to approach sport injuries with a more holistic perspective. Many athletic trainers have had inadequate education in sport psychology to convey any sort of psychological methods in their rehabilitation programs. This paper will discuss some of the prospective ideas and various methods of rehabilitation tactics that could be utilize in the field, as well as how to properly train athletic trainers to administer both these mental and physical treatments. These mental treatments will be relate back to sport and exercise psychology concepts examples of this include strategies for setting realistic goals, methods fo... ...es to increase rehabilitation adherence. Athletic Therapy Today, 13(3), 18-19.Naylor, A. (2009). The role of mental training in injury prevention. Athletic Therapy Today, 14(2), 27-29.Occupational outlook handbook. (2012, March 29). Retrieved from http//www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Athletic-trainers.htmPodlog, L., & Eklund, R. (2009). High-level athletes perceptions of success in returning to sport following injury. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 10(5), 535-544. doi10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.02.003Stiller-Ostrowski, J., & Ostrowski, J. (2009). belatedly certified athletic trainers undergraduate educational preparation in psychosocial intervention and referral. Journal Of Athletic Training, 44(1), 67-75.Wiese, D., Weiss, M., & Yukelson, D. (1991). Sport psychology in the training room A survey of athletic trainers. Sport Psychologist, 5(1), 15-24.

The Duke And His Duchess Essay -- essays research papers

In Robert Brownings dramatic monologue My Last Duchess there are two characters that many people can be compared to in the population today. The two characters are Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara and his Duchess. Throughout the monologue the duke is described as being conceited, arrogant and perhaps maybe even psychotic. While his Duchess is the opposite of him, a mortal who enjoys life and everything it has to offer. The Duke is somewhat of a conceited person because of the comments he makes. In one part of the monologue the duke is talking to a Fra Pandolf, an imaginary monk and painter. He says that his presence (the duke) is causing the happiness of the duchess in a painting that the Fra Pandolf is painting. The line says Sir, twas not her husbands presence only, called that spot of joy into the Duchess Cheek (Lines 13-15). Just by construe this remark you know that the duke is a self-centered person that wants assistance for him. In lines 34-35 he talks of how his duchess woul d thank every man that would please her in some sort of way. The duke gets upset at this and says that She thanked men &8211 good But thanked somehow &8211 I know not how &8211 as if she ranked my move over of nine-hundred-years-old name with anybodys gift (Lines 31-34). As you can see, the duke gets upset because his duchess thanks the men who pleased her in a manner that that the duke viewed as inappropriate because he wanted all of her attention fo...

A History of the Treatment of Insanity Essay examples -- Exploratory E

A History of the Treatment of Insanity Over the course of history, insanity has been subjected to a wide variety of treatments. Attempts to cure the mentally gouty or simply relieve normal society of the problems caused by insanity affirm ranged from outright cruelty to higher degrees of humanity in todays society. This paper gives a apprise overview of insanity--its believed causes and subsequent treatments--from primitive times up to the nineteenth century. There are two known traditions for diagnosis and treatment of mental illness spiritual/ unearthly and naturalistic/scientific. According to the spiritual/religious tradition, supernatural forces are the cause of insanity. One of the earliest examples of spiritual/religious treatment is a practice called trephining. Archeaologists have discovered skulls exhibiting this primitive form of psychiatric surgery. Trephining involved chipping holes in a victims skull to release the evil spirits that were responsible for the persons m ental illness. Other old-fashioned peoples attributed insanity to the mischief of demons or the anger of the gods, namely the Chinese, Egyptian, and Hebrew societies. The Greek phisician Hippocrates believed insanity to be rooted in a lack of balance within the body. More specifically, he argued that a balance of four body fluids (or the four humors) was the key to mental health. An excess or deficiency of blood, phlegm, black bile, or yellow bile could lead to psychopathology. Those trained in the Hippocratic tradition were instructed to treat the mentally ill with attempts designed to restore the balance of the bodily fluids. These treatments were called heroic because they were forceful and often painful. Among them were bloodletting, purging, an... ...can Institutions for the Insane (AMSAII) was founded in 1844. It later became the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Its purpose is to designate the criteria to diagnose a patient as mentally ill (the current list of crite ria is called the DSM-IV) and commit the person to an institution or design a course of treatment suited to the problem. Sources1. Bankart, C. Peter. Talking Cures A History of westbound and Eastern Psychotherapies. Albany Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1997. 2. Emery, Robert E., and Oltmanns, Thomas F. Abnormal Psychology. New Jersey Simon & Schuster, 1998. 3. Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. New York Pantheon Books, 1965. 4. Rosen,. George. Madness in Society Chapters in the Historical Sociology of Mental Illness. Chicago The University of Chicago Press, 1968.

Edgar Degas, man the myth the artist :: essays research papers fc

It is in his concepts of man versus himself, his studying of light, capturing a moment and substance abuse of large shapes to flatten space that makes Edgar take an impressionist. In comparison to his peers, Degas has a tight style of painting and defined, characterized, figures yet, it is not style that defines impressionismUnlike realism, impressionism seldom responded to politics impressionist painters preferred genre subjects, especially scenes of leisure activities, entertainment and landscape, and impressionism was more influenced by Japanese prints and new developments in photograph (Adams, 805)Laurie Schneider Adams defines the impressionist movement, organism careful not to describe the use of paint and its thick application. She does this to clarify that impressionism is a concept not a style. While most impressionist do coat their canvas, style is second to the idea that the observed properties of light and color. It is in this understanding that Edgar Degas concert dan ce Dancer with Arms Crossed is an impressionistic painting.With an noninterchangeable composition, Edgar Degas 1872 painting, Ballet Dancer with Arms Crossed is 24 1/8 x 19 7/8 inches large. Large graphic shapes, for the most part red or yellow in tone, form a brooding dancer. A sensation of three dimensionality is achieved with two light sources, one bring and the new(prenominal) dim. The front of her body is dimly lit, allowing soft light to give great detail to the collarbone and face. Although never confirmed, this painting is most likely one of Degas numerous sketches. A notorious perfectionist, Degas would often bring his original charcoal drawings to finish in order to prepare for a future piece. onwards impressionism, during the realist movement, there was an underlining message of man versus nature. With the industrial revolution, a new message arrived man versus himself. This message was most evident in Degas many horse fancier paintings Laurie Schneider Adams states, In At the Races, Degas figures are in a state of restlessness At the left, a single horse gallops into the picture plane as his jockey reins him. The arrested movement of the galloping horse draws attention to the distant train that continues on Degas refers to the contrast between mechanized and natural movement and to the changing modes of merchant marine created by the industrial revolution. (Adams, 821)The industrial Revolution continued mans affair with himself the ambition to always perfect, refine, and move forward. Degas often composes natural and unnatural forms juxtapose, in Ballet Dancer with Arms Crossed the comparison is in light.

Edgar Degas, man the myth the artist :: essays research papers fc

It is in his concepts of man versus himself, his studying of light, capturing a moment and give of large shapes to flatten space that makes Edgar remove an impressionist. In comparison to his peers, Degas has a tight style of painting and defined, characterized, figures yet, it is not style that defines impressionismUnlike realism, impressionism rarely responded to politics impressionist painters preferred genre subjects, especially scenes of leisure activities, entertainment and landscape, and impressionism was more influenced by Japanese prints and new developments in photograph (Adams, 805)Laurie Schneider Adams defines the impressionist movement, creation careful not to describe the use of paint and its thick application. She does this to clarify that impressionism is a concept not a style. While most impressionist do coat their canvas, style is second to the idea that the observed properties of light and color. It is in this understanding that Edgar Degas concert dance Danc er with Arms Crossed is an impressionistic painting.With an irregular composition, Edgar Degas 1872 painting, Ballet Dancer with Arms Crossed is 24 1/8 x 19 7/8 inches large. Large graphic shapes, by and large red or yellow in tone, form a brooding dancer. A sensation of three dimensionality is achieved with two light sources, one bring and the other dim. The front of her body is dimly lit, allowing soft light to give great detail to the collarbone and face. Although never confirmed, this painting is most likely one of Degas numerous sketches. A notorious perfectionist, Degas would often bring his original charcoal drawings to finish in order to prepare for a future piece. in the first place impressionism, during the realist movement, there was an underlining message of man versus nature. With the industrial revolution, a new message arrived man versus himself. This message was most evident in Degas many equestrian paintings Laurie Schneider Adams states, In At the Races, Degas f igures are in a state of restlessness At the left, a single horse gallops into the picture plane as his jockey reins him. The arrested movement of the galloping horse draws attention to the distant train that continues on Degas refers to the contrast between mechanized and natural movement and to the changing modes of back breaker created by the industrial revolution. (Adams, 821)The industrial Revolution continued mans affair with himself the ambition to always perfect, refine, and move forward. Degas often composes natural and unnatural forms juxtapose, in Ballet Dancer with Arms Crossed the comparison is in light.

Compare Barak Obama’s and Martin Luther King’s persuasive speeches

Barak Obama and Martin Luther king are two in truth important historical people that helped America return to it ideals. Obama is the first total darkness president of the United States, elective in 2008. King was the moral leader of the civil rights movements he was fighting for legal equality for glum people. King was addressing the 1963 March on Washington to the black and white supporters in favour of civil rights. His profession as a pastor and his pacifist beliefs influenced his speech also he was a preacher and potently believed in non violence.The result of his speech and the movement he led was a direct turning point and change of law, which soon lead to the end of segregation. afterwards on, indirectly it led to the election of the first black president. Barak Obama was addressing his supporters after the election in 2008, when he made his speech. A few things influenced Obamas speech, including his election as the first black president and his need to unite all parti es. Also, this was the time of the credit crunch and many people were losing their jobs, this was a big influence.In Martin Luther Kings speech he uses a range of persuasive techniques to engage his audience. For example, he uses similes and fables to illustrate points he talks about that are more ambitious to understand, so his audience always recognizes what he is trying to get across. For instance, King quotes we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. This draw and quarters Kings point very clear about how he wants justice to flow as if it were usual and with discretion.He also uses references to the solvent of independence and emphasises the idea of equality. King quotes this note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights to life, liberty and the spare-time activity of happiness. This is showing that equality is not just an opinion, but a right that everyone has and it should be accept ed and pursued because it is a state of law.King has used affective language also to capture the audiences attention. He quotes we are free at last he repeats this line many times because it real impacts on how you look at segregation, as if its slavery or punishment. King really absorbs his audience into what hes saying by utilize emotive language because it connects with them and controls their emotions.There is much more persuasive language and rhetoric manipulated in Kings speech but another of the chief(prenominal) features is the sound patterns he uses, for example, onomatopoeia and alliteration. He quotes by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. The cs alliterate here, and c is a percussive consonant that really impacts the message, the bs also have this affect. He uses this because it gives the speech a rhythm and makes it more interesting to listen to.In professorship Barak Obamas speech he also uses a range of persuasive techniques to engage his audience. Like King, he uses many similes and metaphors to help describe or make a point, also to encourage the audience to draw a link between two obviously unrelated things, and find similarities between them. Obama quotes Every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms meaning, Every so often the oath is taken amidst a political situation as rude as a gathering storm or Every so often the oath is taken when the money has run out. Obama uses a clear, powerful metaphor that allows the audience to completely realize that gathering clouds and raging storms refers to the current US recession.Obama also used references to the declaration of independence like King did but in a slightly different way. He quotes America has carried on because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebears, and true to our founding documents. He refers back to this to remind and in general thank his audience for remaining loyal and essentially following the ways of the declaration of independence and Martin Luther King.Something that both Obama and King too both used a great deal was the rule of three. This is when the speaker narrows a subject down to three major points which all link. Obama quotes Homes have been lost, jobs shed, businesses shuttered. He uses these three because they are very strong and important. Using this rule makes a powerful impression to the audience on the topic, showing that it is a key issue.Repetition and imperative commands are subject matter techniques used in all great speeches, it really highlights what, in this case, Obama and also King are trying to convey. In Obamas speech, he repeats the words Yes We terminate quite a few times after talking about change or progress. This shows that he trying to imply that anything is achievable if you have the use and strength to carry on and accomplish what you set out for. He uses this as a sort of catch phrase for the speech as a whole, as the main focus .The two speeches I have discussed are very much linked, with Martin Luther King being a direct impact on the outlaw of segregation and Barack Obama being the first black president they and their speeches relate. There are many similarities between the two, such as they both refer back to the declaration of independence and both use most of the same persuasive language and rhetoric in their speeches. The difference is that they arent exactly giving their speech on the same precise topic.The purpose of Martin Luther Kings speech was to explain to why black people should have rights along with white people, in which he called racial equality and end to discrimination. Whereas Barack Obamas speechs focused on the subjects of racial tensions, white privilege, and race and inequality in the United States, discussing black anger, white resentment, and other issues, his speech closed with a request to move beyond Americas racial stalemate and concentrate on shared social problems.both the se speeches are very powerful, influential and convincing, they really explain their points well and make the audience aware of the problem or situation, they have a very persuasive tone, as a speech should have.

French and Italian Films Essay

The EU Directive has put forth the greatest effort to fend off what it has termed American ethnic imperialism.. 14 France is the strongest implementor of this directive that it currently requires utmost 40% of photographic films shown in in the country are of non-European origin. The country is also lobbying for other fellow member states to enact the same quota rules.Even the ex-president Chirac had made his opinion regarding this quota system stating that he does not want to see European horticulture obliterized by American finishing 15 and it is believed that the entertainment media are not very advantageous in terms of integration but an instrument threatening both national and cultural sovereignty. To prove the French strong views on proper film/cinea values, it has banned Paths of Glory in 1957 claiming that this film was a slanderous attack to French Honor. 16For Italian films, even during the fascist regime, the film was not utilized as a propaganda device. This is acc ording to Ricci stating that the regime even unified Italy through the elimination of markers of carve up and regional difference happening in the country during that time through the circulation of terms for an imaginary national identity. 17 Italian film is viewed as an integral part18 of the countrys politics. Actually, the censorship board was established, more(prenominal) to regulate films civic and politically related contents than that of sexually or morally intruging contents.The Tangentopoli scandal in 1992 had delegitimised Italian politicians in the eyes of the public but even prior this scandal, government corruption were already depicted in films such as the 1989 Il Portaborse (The Footman) of Luchetti. Moreover, this was also the period when the trend in production have focused on historical fictions 19 with emphasis on Italys history and even depicting the own history of cinema implying that television does not have good impact on the film intentness such as the Ci nema Paradiso.Currently, Italian government provide fundings for films they promote including various assistance from the Direzione Generale per il Cinema (Directorate General Cinema) giving out silver to deserving producers of films promoting the Italian/European culture outside of Italy (promozione allestero) and for film dessai (independent/art films) 20 Aside from these fundings, there is also the European Ivestment argot (EIB) funding film productions in order to compete with the penetrating Hollywood films, not only in Italy but all over the region 21It is obvious what the European countries want when it comes to film exit and promotion not so much of Hollywood films, protection of cultural values, protection of viewers, promotion of culture and competing with the American in film production and obviously in the market and in profits. IV. Conclusion Films are important weapons for those who may have control as to its regulation and release to public. Films may be used to pr omote a certain cause or to discourage certain acts.Moreover, when producing a film, various factors must(prenominal) be put into consideration. Among these factors are the current trend and interest or demand of the viewing public (especially for commercial films) and more importantly, the rules that govern over these films. These rules are, more often than not, imposed by regulatory bodies, either private or by the government to assess and classify, as salutary as control the release and approval of the films shown in an area or market.In European nations, various strategies are employed to promote the film exertion. These involve funding of deserving film production and promotion on European values. One strong factor that makes Europe unite when film issues are being talked about is the influence and the gainsay that Hollywood films cause to the European nations and European market. American films are viewed as mostly culturally damaging for Europeans as well as penetrating t he industrys market leaving losses to European film producers.In this regard, European nations have looked for some measures in protecting their culture as well as securing its market through the EU Directive, as well as through national regulations, limiting Hollywood and other foreign films shown in European nations. End Notes 1Ricci, S. Cinema and fascism, Italian Film and Society, 1922-1943, UC Regents,UC Press,2008 retrieved 31 whitethorn 2008, http//www. ucpress. edu/books/pages/10916/10916. ch01. pdf . 2 Rinaman, K, French Film Quotas and Cultural Protectionism, Case Number 332, 1996, American Education, retrieved 31 May 2008, .

Death Changes Everything

Imogen is a thirteen year old misfire. Her family consists of two older brothers, a dad c aloneed George, and a step-mother called Jenny. Her grandparents died, when she was a inadequate, except a grandmother on her dads side of the family called bloody shame. Her mother also died. Now all she has is a picture which she looks at e genuinely morning when she wakes up and just before she goes to bed.Jenny is an savage step-mother. Like one of those from a fairy tale. She seems to love George solely hates children and wants nonhing to do with them. In introductory of George she acts kindly towards them and take shapes an effort to communicate but when hes non around she just ignored them. Jenny is considered completely useless to the three kids. She sits at home watching television all day, she doesnt twoer to clean the support or cook and instead she hires a maid and pays her to do the job.This isnt the type of mother role model that Imogen needs. She needs roughone who could show her new things worry teaching her how to cook complicated dishes for special occasions. Even though Imogen is intimately-be foxd, she still needs a mother to go shopping with, to gossip with and have some mother, daughter beat with. All these things could be done with friends but its different when its your mother. A mother gives advice that friends might not have experienced yet.George, Imogens father, plays a bear-sized role in her life. Hes a successful lawyer and Imogen takes him as her role model. George is a loving father whos always t here(predicate) for Imogen, helping her to make the rightfield choices in life, encouraging her to study just that little bit harder for exams. Hes not that big a role model for the boys as he is for Imogen but thats because they have other things on their mind instead of working hard to jack off a good education.Perfect. Thats what Imogen is. She is a bright teenager with high ambitions of following her fathers footsteps in becoming a lawyer. She has big, blue eyes, long, wavy hair and is short but extremely mature for her age. She loves aim as much as cats loves mice and her friends are reliable, true and support her through thick and thin no matter what happens.Tom and Adam were two charming boys who had a way with the ladies. They were good students right up to the point of puberty. Usually girls are the ones with mood swings, but not in this case. They started misbehaving in class, then skipping lessons and finally stopped going to school alto comeher. Now they, strange their sister, hate school. When in school they do everything to get themselves out and when out drinking alcohol, pickings drugs were only a few of the things they do. They never seemed to understand how their avouch blood could love school so much.Imogens grandmother Mary was, in Imogens opinion, the nicest grandmother that ever lived. She lives abroad in Spain but visits regularly. Shes loves all three children very much, she respects them and treats them deal grown-ups. She is very healthy and lives life to the maximum, goes on holidays a lot, and is not s political machineed of boththing. Every time Mary visits the country and they go shopping, Mary buys Imogen anything she asks for.Every morning, Imogens house, starts off the same way. She wakes up to the sound of her annoying brothers arguing with Jenny most how she doesnt have to act nicely in front of George and make them breakfast but this Monday morning she woke up to the sound of rain tapping at her window. She jumped out of bed, kissed her mothers photo, got washed and put her school uniform on.Walking down the steps she noticed Jenny trying to make breakfast, with no complaints from the twins. That was because she was making pancakes and George was there watching his sons every move. She sat down next to Adam and as he turned around to ask Jenny for more food, he knocked over the glass of orange juice that was beside him, making it spill all over Imogens school beat.Walking back up the stairs to her bedroom, she slipped and bumped her knee onto the hard flood. She got up slowly and crawled to her bedroom. Rummaging through her closet she tried to find her other skirt. Realising it was in the laundry basket she flinged over, got it out and put the malodorous skirt on.Thats disgusting said her twin brothers as they walked past her bedroomIts not that dirty she liedThe skirt wasnt literally dirty it just smelled. To take the smell away she went into the bathroom and smothered herself with perfume.Running back down the stairs she slipped and landed onto the side of her foot, pain in the neck her ankle. Sitting on the floor thinking of how much pain was caused to her this morning she realised it was the start of a bad day. Looking up at the time in the living room, it read quarter past eight. She was late. Today was the day of her first GCSE exam and Imogen wanted to get to school earlier than usual so that she could have en ough time to go over the topics she wasnt very confident with. Now, if she took the bus, it would be impossible.George had still not left for work. He was standing in the kitchen read a newspaper and drinking coffee. Imogen ran up to him and kissed him on the cheek.Good morning dad.Good morning honey, he replied, did you sleep well?Yes I did, said Imogen, tush you take me to school by any chance?Of course I couldBoys, get downstairs, Im taking your sister to school and I might as well take you too he yelled upstairsWell take the bus coz its too early for us to be leaving for school. They shouted backFine, but dont be late.We wont be, they replied with huge grins on their facesImogens dad loves old cars and he himself had a 1986 BMW 635CSi. The car was safe but had a few flaws. The airbags didnt work on the front passenger side and the seatbelts easily became unbuckled. George was never worried because he was a very safe driver and he could never give his car away.As soon as Imogen got in the car she put a book on her fathers lap and asked him to ask her some questions but he couldnt because he was about to drive, instead he told her that he would when they stopped at a red traffic light. When they did he took the old book into his hands and started asking questions. Imogen gave a unadulterated answer to each and every question.Meanwhile, on the road opposite to theirs were a couple of drunken teenagers, joy riding. They didnt notice that the red light was on and carried on driving. The driver lost control and the car started to skid on the wet ground and so ended up hitting Imogens car. The out of control car hit the BMW head on causing Georges seatbelt to unbuckle and he flew out the front window. Imogens airbag was broken but luckily her seatbelt didnt unbuckle.An ambulance arrived and took them to the busy hospital. Imogen and George were rushed straight into performance for they had suffered serious head injuries.Unfortunately none of the drunk teens w ere wearing a seatbelt and received serious injuries. They died before the ambulance got to the scene.Three weeks later, slowly opening her eyes, Imogen found herself in a hospital bed surrounded by family and friends.What happened to me? Why am I in a hospital? Asked ImogenImogen, this is really important, whats the last thing you concoct? Asked the nurtureI remember my dad was taking me to school. Then we stopped at a traffic light and he was asking where is my dad?When the doctors operated on Imogen, they did the best they could, her injuries where bad and the doctors were not sure whether or not she would be able to remember everything when she awoke from the coma.I dont know how to tell you this, but your father- said the nurseIll tell her, interrupted Mary, Imogens grandmother, your father died the day you were rushed into hospital. The surgeons did everything they could but they just werent able to stop the bleedingBy the time she finished the sentence both of them were in tears. Mary went up to her favourite grandchild and put her arms around her.Its my entire fault, grandma, its my entire fault Imogen repeated, I know it is, I asked him to drive me to school, if he hadnt got in the car to take me to school, he would still be here Its my entire fault Now we have no one to look after(prenominal) us, and Ive missed my GCSE exams. Its my entire faultYou still have Jenny to look after you and I called the school to explain the situation, they said you can retake them when you get backImogen stayed in the hospital for another week under monitoring. Her friends visited and so did her brothers. The week went past very slowly. Everyday, all she did was lay in bed, watch television, walk around a bit and then go back to bed. There were no children there her age and she didnt want to talk to elderly people. Imogen received gorgeous bouquets of flowers and tasty chocolates from family but she didnt want any of it, she just wanted her caring dad by her side, helping her through this.When Imogen got out of the hospital her brothers took her home. Jenny was in the living room watching television.Welcome home exclaimed JennyImogen just ignored her and went straight up to her bedroom.The next few days were a blur. Imogen stayed in bed most days mourning and crying over all the memories she had with her father. Every time she saw a picture of him she burst out into tears. The spoken language Its my fault, why did it have to happen, what did he do to deserve this, it was my bad day kept running though her mind. Even when she slept, she had horrifying nightmares about the crash she figure her dad on the operating table, while she was behind glass unable to help him. She needed help, support, encouragement to get her back to normal, but with a step-mother like Jenny, that would be impossible.The first day she went to school her brothers left her at the gate. Looking at the school from a distance she realised that she wasnt ready to go in. qu ite she followed her brothers to where they went. Tom led the way while Adam followed behind like a dog on a leash.During the journey, Tom and Adam went into, what looked like an delinquent house, when they came out Tom carried a small, plastic bag full of sportsmanlike pills. He put them in his pocket and walked on.They came to a beacon looking build which was surrounded by a high fence. On the fence was a warning sign which read No unauthorised person. The light house was cover with horizontal red and white stripes and a long, unstable, wooden run away reached the ground from the top.The two brothers approached the lighthouse. Imogen stared at the building. It was very unusual for a lighthouse not to be near the ocean. While staring she carried on walking and stepped on a piece of loose metal lying on the floor.What are you doing here? Asked AdamI wanted to know were you were going. I could go back if you want.Yes, go back he shoutedNo, insisted Tom, she doesnt know the way b ack and what if she gets lost. middling let her come up with us, whats the worst that could happen?Tom went up the unstable ladder first, then went Imogen and last of all came Adam. Climbing up the ladder Imogen tried not to look down. As they neared the top of the lighthouse, strange voices could be heard. At first it sounded like there were only few people lecture but as Imogen went higher up the ladder she started to hear more and more voices.Were here announced Tom as they reached the top.Finally, one boy said, what took you so long?Its a long story answered Adam but our little sister is here with us,All the people sitting on the dirty lighthouse floor turned and looked at Imogen.How old is she? a girl asked TomIm nearly 14 she answered her.Isnt that a bit young? she asked Tom againThis time he answered her Well how old were we when all of this started?True, true. Good point.Tom and Adam went around the lighthouse giving each person a couple of the white pills.Imogen went arou nd to all the people, looking at what they were doing. To her it looked like they were drinking alcohol, swallowing the white pills and smoking weed.What are the white pills and what do they do? Imogen asked a little girl sitting in the corner sticking a white tablet in her mouth.Theyre called ecstasy and they make me feel a whole lot recrudesce then I did this morning answered the girlI want some requested ImogenSure, said the girl, but tell your brothers to get me an extra one, for next week.The little girl was younger then Imogen but she looked worn-out and like she hadnt eaten in weeks.For a few short seconds after swallowing the tablet Imogen mat nothing, then transactions later the action kicked in. She felt ecstatic. Like nothing could ever go wrong. Then taking a sip of a transparent drink, she felt cockamamie but relaxed. Finally, when she inhaled the weed she felt like all her problems and worries vanished and she was in a completely different world. School or educatio n didnt matter. In this world she felt like she could do anything, even fly.Everyday, instead of taking Imogen to school, her brothers took her with them to the lighthouse. This carried on for weeks until Stephanie, the little girl that gave Imogen the weed, ecstasy and alcohol, had a heart attack. Lucky for everyone there, she had no family, so all they had to do was bury her in the cemetery at night.This was too much for Imogen. The death of the little girl made her remember the death of her dad. She realised that taking drugs, smoking and drinking alcohol wasnt the way to deal with death. She had to face death and just get over it.Im not going to come here with you any more, Announced Imogen.Why not? asked her brothersBecause what your doing is bad for your health and what point are you trying to prove by drinking, drugs and smoking?There is no point to prove, it makes us feel good and you should know, youve tried it for yourself and you know the pleasure it gives you.Theres no p leasure in this if there is a risk of dying. I leave behind give up.Its not as simple as it sounds. You go through a lot of pain when you try to give up. Are you sure youre ready? asked her brothersI will give up, I dont want to die like little Stephanie did. The only reason I started this was because I couldnt get over dads death and I didnt get any support from anyone, but me dying isnt going to make anything better either.tomorrow youre going to end up coming back with us, warned AdamNo, Imogen said, Tomorrow will be another day.Stopping wasnt difficult. Imogen went through the normal process of withdrawal symptoms aches and pains, sweating, shaking, headaches and cravings for the drug, but thinking about her fathers and Stephanies death helped her to pull through.

As I Walked Out One Evening †W.H.Auden Essay

The poem in study is As I Walked out cardinal Evening by W.H. Auden. His views projected in this poem are suggested to have not varied since the time he composed this found. Unlike his other poems, this piece was never revised. Here, Auden exposes the two sides of romance through the manipulation of narrative voices, the poet, the lovers song and the chiming of the clock personified.As I walked out one up to nowtide is composed in a traditional ballad form. Its consists of 15 quatrain stanzas conforming to an abcb rhyme scheme. The masculine end rhyme employed gives more immunity of wording. It is through these settings that exhibits the song-like quality of a ballad and by this lyrical tune, Auden suggests the theme and theories examined in the poem are of childlike logic and knowledge.With reference to the structure of the poem, it comprises of 15 stanzas split into three distinctive voices. The first and last being the narration by the poet himself, framing the Lovers Song a nd the menacing voice of the clock. by the beginning narration by the persona, W.H. Auden sets the essence of nostalgia with a walk down Bristol Street. The mention of Bristol Street creates the tone of reminiscence as it is a venue of Audens childhood. The contrast of crowds upon the pavement that use to be fields of harvest wheat showcases the change taken place during time-lapse.Down by the brimming river, the poet hears a lover maunder love has no ending. The transition of narrative position from the initial persona to the Love Song takes place through the marker of inverted commas. The rhythm of the poem also changes away from iambic tri-meter when the love song begins. The love song is hyperbolized, injected with ambitries and unconventional similes to exaggerate the affections of a nave lover. With suggestions of the weird ability to love till China and Africa meet, Auden captures their simplistic and unrealistic minds. The silly and lighthearted tone shown through the alliteration of the line salmon sing in the street.In addition to undermining the forces of nature, the lovers song seem to believe its love to be pure and immune to time, for in my arms I hold TheFlower of the Ages, And the first love of the world. This love is expressed to be ageless, the Flower of the Ages a Biblical reference to the year of maturity in which a woman can marry. In a sense, the song provokes that the incredibility of love is beyond human entity, but of something greater.However, the tone shifts in the sixth stanza, turning to the narration of the clock and time personified. They seem to be rebuking the ideals embodied by the Lovers Song as they began to whirr and chime, an onomatopoeia that creates the image of violent and unsettling wind. The wind that could chip in them apart, hit their faces with a chill. The clock conveys the negative perception of nave love as it rings out a series of advice to the lovers.The Clocks advice is like a progression of a 4 ses sion counselling, speaking to us readers as if we are the young lovers. Marked by the phrase O, he begins with a gentle coaxing. O let not time deceive you, the idealism borne by the love song shall let on through times passing. O plunge your hands in the water as if washing ones face in the morning. stir up up from the hyperbolized world of love to reality. Stare, stare at the basin, reflect on your past actions and their indications, what youve missed. O look, look in the mirror examine your present self. lastly O stand, stand at the window, see your partner through the barrier of glass. Unclouded and unaffected by cruel words of a quarrel, in the peace of ones own mind, then we shall see that we are all hypocrites in love.The overall tone of the clock is quite dark and Auden uses the technique of contrasting metaphors to develop the negative effects of time in idealism. The green valley and appalling snow signifying the presence of time will eventually agree momentary joy. Th e glacier knocks in the cupboard, the desert sighs in the bed, the consequences of time will invade ones privacy and comfort, perhaps even home. Until it becomes overwhelming, one should break down, itll open a lane to the land of the dead where qualities of life we once known are twisted into a paradoxical world embodied by stanza 12.There is however, a consolation to these negative aspects, that if we wakeup in time, we shall learn to love truly, for life remains a blessing, even when were besides focused on our distress. Throughout this entire process, the language suggests the lack of presence of the first persona. But this theory is contradicted by the last stanza where the poet narrates. It was late, late in the eve, the repetition a habit picked up from the clocks speech. The persona was watching the whole time, now knows better, that the overflowing love of the brimming river, actually has a lot more depth.W.H. Auden through the shift of narrative voices explores the diffe rent perspective of love. This technique shows us not only one sided opinions but various views. And readers are shown, that perhaps what is right in the minds of one, may vary to the eyes of another. The image of romance is often twisted to extremes by society. As human beings, we have the purpose to form opinions based on our own favours. To an extent, this poem may resemble a satire to society. Humans tend to be hypocrites and very good liars to even our own minds to justify our wrongdoings.

Uniform Code of Military Justice

condition 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entire unvarying Code of Military Justice. It lays voltaic pile the cornerstone law, which is the absolute line that may non be crossed. Everything else in the UCMJ is an explanation of the various forms that disobeying an order slew take. With come taboo the support given by Article 92, expediency members would be free to do what of all time they want, whenever they want, and wouldnt be any more accountable than a civilian could in a civilian job. However, supporter members ar held to a higher standard.We be the line that protects this agricultural and we are the defense against the storm. Without us, this country would not exist and could not exist. And for that, I put one over to hap the orders and book of instructions given by anyone appointed over me. The fact that I didnt get to an appointment on time showed lack of accountability on my variance, a lack of discipline to follow orders I was given and a lac k of respect to those who are appointed over me as a leader. I failed to be at my place of duty, which costs the regular army silver for another pass who couldve been at that appointment and been on time.The military can only rifle if orders, when given, are obeyed. We would similar to trust in the honesty and integrity of the Soldiers who made that oath and put their lives on the line for their country. The truth is that in that location are umteen out there that, if not given a clear set of rules, pass on not follow the rules. Will not care about the penalizements, go forth not be productive or efficient members of the military machine. That is why Article 92, and the entire UCMJ, are necessary. They reinforce the behavior of those who do the right thing, promoting it and praising it.They punish those who do not do the right thing, undercutting and stamping out such behaviors. With such a system, the bad eggs, those who are unable to fit into the machine, will be grease up by it and spit out. Broken, incomplete, forever bemoaning the lack of foresight and flexibility that would occupy saved them. Accountability in the Army is paramount to the fortunate windup of the mission. It is a soldiers personal responsibility to keep all his or her items accountable at all times. This en convinced(predicate)s that the Army mission will be completed and that the soldier will remain prepared at all times.On a daily basis, thousands of Soldiers are seen at appointments varying anyplace from cognitive operation on get out eye sight to putting a broken foot into a cast for 6 weeks to heal. Appointments can be located anywhere on or off post depending on the type of appointment or preference of the Soldier. It is each Soldiers right to choose where they would like to collect wellness care services. The Army sheds Billions of dollars on medical supplies, medications, the latest and bleakest high tech equipment, and the healthcare facilities and the healthcar e providers. When a Soldier misses an appointment, the Armys bills is then wasted.Money that could bewilder been used on something such as new trucks, weapons and equipment. With budget cuts on funds within the ranks, missing an appointment is funds the Army could use elsewhere. Of all the complications for military funding due to budget cuts, missing an appointment should not factor into it at all. Budget cuts have influenced the set up of ensure and their decisions on requiring Soldiers to get out of sac for their preoccupied appointment. The government was starting to discuss having Soldiers pay out of pocket for their missed appointments.Have the Soldier pay out of pocket for the injuries received in an accident because they neglected their profile restrictions. Whether this has taken effect now or it will in the future, Soldiers will be little likely to miss any kind of appointment. If the responsibility were to perish on the shoulder of each single Soldier, the Army would more than likely not have to inflict budget cuts and Troop Cuts we have all been reading about in The Army Times. If each Soldier were accountable for paying for their appointments, there wouldnt be another wasted appointment because the Soldier was forgetful.It is either Soldiers responsibility to be healthy and remain in a fit condition. When Soldiers fails to do so however, the consequences can be catastrophic or even fatal in some cases. Best example, a Soldier has a tooth ache scarce ignores it because he or she thinks its a sign of weakness, that tooth ache can develop into something much worse than a cavity filling, the Soldier could end up beingness hospitalized because they didnt take care of the issue when it was small. They ignored their MEDPROs warning about being past due for a check in.This action seems small, precisely when the Soldiers fall out of the ranks because they needed more medical attention such as surgery. That unit needs to replace that Soldier t o remain fit and earn to deploy. This can led to issues and financial problems within that unit. Their down a Soldier, which means they have to file paperwork to request a Soldier to replace him. That leads to more money to have that new Soldier coming in for travel and new training. Everything costs money. From the paper we use to request a Soldier to the training that he or she must receive so they can be ready to deploy on a mission. every(prenominal) of that money spent on the new Soldier could have been completely avoided if the Soldier had not ignored his MEDPROs dental warning. Something so small, like a tooth ache, turned in all new training requirements for a new and unprepared Soldier to keep a unit ready for a mission. If Soldiers were required to pay out of pocket for all of their appointments they made, the Army could spend more money where it is needed most. Such things are better training for Soldiers, Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers, better equipment for depl oyed units and faster approval on funding.This increase in money in better areas can lead to more successful missions and fewer fatalities on the battle field because the equipment is more accurate. Soldiers have been proficient to the highest level, instead of just the basic principle for animation saver course. The Army can afford to push every Soldier through the advanced kind of training needed to save lives. All of this could take a chance if every Soldier was held responsible for their actions of missing an appointment. Including, if every Soldier made it to all their appointments on time.If every Soldier was paying out of pocket for their appointments, the big picture we see is more saved lives in the combat zone. Every Soldier has the right to be seen for health issues. The well being of every Soldier, whether its their mental state or their physical health, is required for the best combat ready Soldier the Army has. That is the reality in todays forces. The citizens of our country need us at our highest peak in health. So when unexplainable and tragic accident such as 9/11 ever happens again, a forgotten dental appointment will not hold out any Soldier.The responsibility in accountability is every single individuals duty for themselves and their team. The rank is not a concern when compared to responsibility. No one is singled out. It is my responsibility and my responsibility alone to maintain my physical and mental health state. I have to maintain myself at the highest level for Soldier readiness. That is my responsibility, no one elses. However, in the long run, I affect someone elses brio if I neglect that responsibility. A simple phone call to change the time of my appointment could have avoided all of this.Neglecting to call was a failure on my part completely. I do not blame nor will I blame anyone but me. On the next appointment, I will be sure to suffer my appointment on time with enough reminders that it would be impossible not to for get. This standard for accountability needs to be a high priority of every Soldier who does not know much about the Army. Such as young privates coming out of Basic and AIT, can be trained and carry on the standard for responsibility and accountability. So future funds can be focused more for the training and not for missed appointments.Uniform Code of Military JusticeArticle 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entire Uniform Code of Military Justice. It lays down the ground law, which is the absolute line that may not be crossed. Everything else in the UCMJ is an explanation of the various forms that disobeying an order can take. Without the support given by Article 92, service members would be free to do whatever they want, whenever they want, and wouldnt be any more accountable than a civilian could in a civilian job. However, service members are held to a higher standard.We are the line that protects this country and we are the defense against the storm. Without us, this country would not exist and could not exist. And for that, I have to follow the orders and instructions given by anyone appointed over me. The fact that I didnt get to an appointment on time showed lack of accountability on my part, a lack of discipline to follow orders I was given and a lack of respect to those who are appointed over me as a leader. I failed to be at my place of duty, which costs the Army money for another Soldier who couldve been at that appointment and been on time.The military can only function if orders, when given, are obeyed. We would like to trust in the honesty and integrity of the Soldiers who made that oath and put their lives on the line for their country. The truth is that there are many out there that, if not given a clear set of rules, will not follow the rules. Will not care about the punishments, will not be productive or efficient members of the military machine. That is why Article 92, and the entire UCMJ, are necessary. They reinforce the be havior of those who do the right thing, promoting it and praising it.They punish those who do not do the right thing, undercutting and stamping out such behaviors. With such a system, the bad eggs, those who are unable to fit into the machine, will be ground up by it and spit out. Broken, incomplete, forever bemoaning the lack of foresight and flexibility that would have saved them. Accountability in the Army is paramount to the successful completion of the mission. It is a soldiers personal responsibility to keep all his or her items accountable at all times. This ensures that the Army mission will be completed and that the soldier will remain prepared at all times.On a daily basis, thousands of Soldiers are seen at appointments varying anywhere from surgery on better eye sight to putting a broken foot into a cast for 6 weeks to heal. Appointments can be located anywhere on or off post depending on the type of appointment or preference of the Soldier. It is every Soldiers right to choose where they would like to receive health care services. The Army spends Billions of dollars on medical supplies, medications, the latest and newest high tech equipment, and the healthcare facilities and the healthcare providers. When a Soldier misses an appointment, the Armys money is then wasted.Money that could have been used on something such as new trucks, weapons and equipment. With budget cuts on funds within the ranks, missing an appointment is money the Army could use elsewhere. Of all the complications for military funding due to budget cuts, missing an appointment should not factor into it at all. Budget cuts have influenced the Chain of Command and their decisions on requiring Soldiers to pay out of pocket for their missed appointment. The government was starting to discuss having Soldiers pay out of pocket for their missed appointments.Have the Soldier pay out of pocket for the injuries received in an accident because they neglected their profile restrictions. Whet her this has taken effect now or it will in the future, Soldiers will be less likely to miss any kind of appointment. If the responsibility were to fall on the shoulder of each individual Soldier, the Army would more than likely not have to inflict budget cuts and Troop Cuts we have all been reading about in The Army Times. If each Soldier were accountable for paying for their appointments, there wouldnt be another wasted appointment because the Soldier was forgetful.It is every Soldiers responsibility to be healthy and remain in a fit condition. When Soldiers fails to do so however, the consequences can be catastrophic or even fatal in some cases. Best example, a Soldier has a tooth ache but ignores it because he or she thinks its a sign of weakness, that tooth ache can develop into something much worse than a cavity filling, the Soldier could end up being hospitalized because they didnt take care of the issue when it was small. They ignored their MEDPROs warning about being past d ue for a check in.This action seems small, but when the Soldiers fall out of the ranks because they needed more medical attention such as surgery. That unit needs to replace that Soldier to remain fit and ready to deploy. This can led to issues and financial problems within that unit. Their down a Soldier, which means they have to file paperwork to request a Soldier to replace him. That leads to more money to have that new Soldier coming in for travel and new training. Everything costs money. From the paper we use to request a Soldier to the training that he or she must receive so they can be ready to deploy on a mission.All of that money spent on the new Soldier could have been completely avoided if the Soldier had not ignored his MEDPROs dental warning. Something so small, like a tooth ache, turned in all new training requirements for a new and unprepared Soldier to keep a unit ready for a mission. If Soldiers were required to pay out of pocket for all of their appointments they m ade, the Army could spend more money where it is needed most. Such things are better training for Soldiers, Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers, better equipment for deployed units and faster approval on funding.This increase in money in better areas can lead to more successful missions and fewer fatalities on the battle field because the equipment is more accurate. Soldiers have been trained to the highest level, instead of just the basics for life saver course. The Army can afford to push every Soldier through the advanced kind of training needed to save lives. All of this could happen if every Soldier was held responsible for their actions of missing an appointment. Including, if every Soldier made it to all their appointments on time.If every Soldier was paying out of pocket for their appointments, the bigger picture we see is more saved lives in the combat zone. Every Soldier has the right to be seen for health issues. The well being of every Soldier, whether its their menta l state or their physical health, is required for the best combat ready Soldier the Army has. That is the reality in todays forces. The citizens of our country need us at our highest peak in health. So when unexplainable and tragic accident such as 9/11 ever happens again, a forgotten dental appointment will not hold out any Soldier.The responsibility in accountability is every single individuals duty for themselves and their team. The rank is not a concern when compared to responsibility. No one is singled out. It is my responsibility and my responsibility alone to maintain my physical and mental health state. I have to maintain myself at the highest level for Soldier readiness. That is my responsibility, no one elses. However, in the long run, I affect someone elses life if I neglect that responsibility. A simple phone call to change the time of my appointment could have avoided all of this.Neglecting to call was a failure on my part completely. I do not blame nor will I blame any one but me. On the next appointment, I will be sure to make my appointment on time with enough reminders that it would be impossible not to forget. This standard for accountability needs to be a high priority of every Soldier who does not know much about the Army. Such as young privates coming out of Basic and AIT, can be trained and carry on the standard for responsibility and accountability. So future funds can be focused more for the training and not for missed appointments.

Administration considerations for reliable and valid assessments

Reliability and validity in assessment argon of crucial importance. Issues in administration can have a significant impingement on the reliability and validity of assessment results and the inferences that are made well-nigh students performance based on these results.It is essential therefore that comme il faut techniques of administration be adopted in ensuring that the integrity of assessments is preserved and that the inference made about students performance are indeed reliable and valid.Administration considerations will differ based on the nature of the assessment, whether it is formal or informal. For formal assessments there are usually pre-established guidelines for the examiner to oversee the administration of the assessment instrument. It is important that the examiner familiarize him/herself with the proper techniques of administering the specific turn up so that the reliability and validity of the essay can be hold ind and preserved.While the assessment whitethorn non require formal training to pose competence the shew administrator must understand the protocols of the judge, understand what is expected of the students, and follow correct and exact procedures during ladder administration to ensure that equal and bewitching conditions are provided for all students.McLoughlin and Lewis (2005) caution that measures administered by untrained sieveers produce highly questionable results that must be considered invalid ( p. 90). It is therefore essential that examiners are cheerful with all exam procedures and follow these explicitly to avoid invalidating the results produced from such tests.to boot the tester must also be sensitive to the needs of the students during assessment. The examiner cannot praise, cue or give information (McLoughlin & Lewis, 2005, p. 94). Examiners must understand correct protocol during test administration. Certain practices should be avoided.The examiner should refrain from confirming or correcting (McLoughlin & Lewis, 2005, p. 95) students responses during the test as well as they should avoid coaching students in order to elicit correct responses. Depending on the purpose and nature of the test the examiner may be permitted to repeat oral items for students.The examiner should also encourage students to have intercourse or respond to all items on the test and may use teasing during tests to encourage students to respond to items. Evidently the ability of the tester to adequately preside over the test is a very critical issue in ensuring that test results are valid and reliable.The test administrator sets the pace and the outcome of the test pivots around his/her ability to ensure transparency. By ensuring that the tester is adequately prepared for the test the possibility of incorrect administration procedures will be avoided.The test environment should also be such as provides an atmosphere in which the students can last successfully. As McLoughlin and Lewis (2005) indicate, this en vironment can influence test performance (p. 90).The test environment should be as comfortable as possible for all students, with expert ventilation, adequate and comfortable seating for each student where necessary, adequate space for writing, appropriate lighting, comfortable temperature, minimal external disruptions, minimal distractions such as a view through a window, passersby, other individuals passing freely in and out of the examination room or other visual distractions such as posters.Additionally the examiner has to ensure that all material required for the test are present including material students will need to complete test items.While it is ideal that the test environment is free of all these encumbrances, all these conditions do not have to be satisfied to ensure the validity and reliability of the test. In more or less instances some aspects of the environment, though they are not at their optimal levels, may not affect students performance.However, it is difficu lt to determine how students performance will be affected by the environment and thus the examiner should attempt to ensure that the setting is as close to ideal as possible. The examiner could also exercise discretion during test administration to determine if the location of the exam needs to be changed or the exam discontinued completely because of environment. It is not far fetched that a well-prepared environment becomes unfitting at some point during the exam.Based on the reaction of the students the examiner could determine if the distractions or disruptions are sufficient enough to affect student performance. These homeworks ensure that, as far as possible, no external factors negatively impact student performance and that students are adequately provided with the right tools with which to reap success.Another consideration is the conceptualisation of the students for the test. Students should be adequately informed of the m, date, location and purpose of the test as wel l as be aware of what exactly is required of them.The time of day is of extreme importance. Researches have been conducted to determine the time of day that will produce the optimal results for students. Recently Hansen, Janssen, Schiff, Zee and Dubocovich (2005) found that students were more vigorous during the evening than in the morning and thus were in a better frame of mind to complete tests.It is difficult, however, for examiners of standardized test to have any impact on the time of administration since often the examining body has a preset time for completion.Another administration consideration is the rapport between the students and the examiner. McLoughlin and Lewis (2005) recommend that the examiner familiarizes him/herself with the students and help them feel at ease with the examiner. The examiner should also explain the purpose of and orient them to hospital wards the test. This includes describing test activities, length and difficulty of the test.The examiner should also inform students of proper exam protocol, informing them how to ask for assistance during the test as well as explain to them any timing signals that may be given. The examiner should encourage students to ask questions about aspects of the test administration that they are uncertain about.Adequate provisions should be made for students to have a break, if possible, during a lengthy test so as to ward off fatigue (McLoughlin & Lewis, 2005, p. 99). These practices would ensure that students know what is expected of them before the test begins so that no time is wasted during the test.The procedures for administering informal classroom assessment are much the same. The classroom teacher should ensure that students are adequately prepared for the test, are aware of the test objectives, are given adequate time to complete it and that no unfair assistance is provided to any student.Also the teacher should make sure the environment is conducive to testing with convenient seating and minimal opportunity for cheating. Additionally in administrating certain types of assessment such as observations and interviews, the teacher has to ensure that the objectives to be tested are clearly laid out, with clearly outlined criteria for hit so that bias is avoided and each student is scored fairly.The use of rating scales, rubrics and checklists help to ensure that assessment is focused and that the correct behaviors are being observed. However at times a teacher may later find that these instruments do not adequately measure all the attributes and that certain key attitudes are not catered for.This is one disadvantage with rating scales and checklists, if a student displays a positive behavior that is not outlined in the rating scale no provision is made for it and the child is disadvantaged.The purpose of assessment is to ensure that each students has an equal chance of performing at their best in the test and thereby dispute to the examiner whether or not they possess certain skills, knowledge or attitudes.Therefore once the examiner adopts these administration considerations the possibilities of measurement error are diminished and test administration conditions will have minimal, if any, negative effect, on student outcome. Students will therefore be able to meaningfully demonstrate their knowledge, skills and attitudes to the teacher. ReferencesHansen, M., Janssen, I., Schiff, A., Zee, P. C. & Dubocovich, M. L. (2005). The impact of school chance(a) schedule on adolescent sleep. Pediatrics, 115, 15551561.McLoughlin, J. A. & Lewis, R. B. (2005). Assessing students with special needs. (6th ed.). NJ Prentice-Hall/Merrill.

Ethical & Legal Issues in Counseling Essay

Counselors like any other medical overlords are guided by professional ethics when it comes to performance of their duties. More often than not, mental health professions are usually faced with the challenge to observe good guidelines and legal concerns due to the uncommon criteria that comes with their job. Primarily, the ethical requirement requires the confidentiality, privacy, and professional relationship between the counselor and the client. This is meant to safeguard the well being of the client and the fiat at large.The American Counseling necktie however provides the ethical guidelines to help these professionals to be able to strike a balance between the ethical work out and the legal requirements depending on the condition of the patient. This leads us to the ethical and legal issues in counseling profession which stems from the 1976 Supreme judicatory ruling in the State of calcium better cognise as the Tarasoff v. Regents of University of atomic number 20 ruling . This paper shall review the California Supreme Court ruling giving details of the case and its implications on the counseling profession.It will also revisit the Virginia tech catastrophe and draw comparisons between the incident and the Tarasoff decision. Review of California Supreme Court divulgeings Mental health professionals are confronted with scenarios in which the patients are expressive of or so tendencies to cause harm to other individuals. This presents a dilemma on what should the mental health professional do in an driving force to avert the imminent insecurity that the client might pose to the terce party. In legal terms, this has been referred to as the psychotherapys responsibility to chide or protect third parties.The affair to warn and/or protect the third parties came up during the Tarasoff V. Regents of the University of California case in 1976. After learning of the incident in detail, the California Supreme Court observed that the psychotherapists e ngaged in the treatment of mentally disturbed patients had the calling to warn the threatened individuals based on their reasonable care in an effort to pr pointt the foreseeable danger that may arise from the condition of the patient (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000).In this landmark ruling, the Supreme Court had learnt of the negligence of the parties concerned which culminated in the destruction of the Tatiana Tarasoff. The facts of the case outlined that Prosenjit Poddar and Tatiana were in a relationship which to Poddar, was destined to be intimate. However, when Tatiana revealed to him that they were not going to be in such a relationship Poddar was despondent leading to the start of the emotional and mental breakdown. Tatiana left for brazil in the summer of 1969 and Poddars conditions started to show some signs of improvement.He was later to enroll for purgative sessions after a friend advised him to do so and became a voluntary outpatient at Cowell Memorial Hospital. He was placed under the care of Dr. Lawrence Moore and it is argued that he confided to the doctor that he was going to commit murder. He was referring to Tatiana, his suppresent girlfriend when she returned from Brazil (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). Dr. Lawrence Moore took an initiative to notify the guard officers based on the campus regarding the intentions of his patient.He even wrote a letter to the police Chief based at the campus elaborating that Poddar was suffering from an acute and severe paranoiac schizophrenic reaction and that he could be a danger not only to himself only when also to the other people. The doctor proposed that he was ready to sign the seventy-two hour surveillance order if the police decided to pick up the patient and relocate him to Herrick Hospital. The doctor also observed that his patients behavior could at times be rational. Doctors fortunate and James Yandell, who were supervisors to Dr.Moore, agreed with his diagnosis and recommendations that Poddar needed to be hospitalized. The patient was taken by the police and put into custody. The police officers including Gary L. Browning Joseph P. Halleran and Atkinson interrogated Podder and found out that he was indeed rational and had changed his attitude. The police however released Poddar from custody after he promised to avoid Tatiana and stay far away from her. On the same issue, Dr. Harvey Powelson, who was the Director of psychiatry at Cowell Memorial Hospital ordered for the return of the letter that had been compose by Dr.Moore to the police chief requesting for the 72-hour emergence detention of Poddar. He called for its destruction including the notes that had been written by Dr. Moore on the patient. The Director also issued examples against taking of any action in putting Podder under the 72-hour emergency surveillance (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). In the month of October 1969, Tatiana returned from Brazil and Poddar failed to live by the promise that he had made to the police and continued to pursue her. It is claimed that Poddar stopped his appointments with Dr.Moore after Tatiana had returned from her trip. However, the Supreme Court observed that Poddar had stopped beholding the psychotherapist after he was detained by the campus police. All the same, towards the end of October in 1969, Podder went to check on Tatiana at their home. At first he could not hazard Tatiana and was ordered to pass on by Tatianas mother. Podder was to come back later equipped with a knife and a pellet gun. This time, he was lucky to find Tatiana alone at home. Tatiana refused to speak to Poddar and upon insisting, Tatiana started screaming.This prompted Poddar to aim at her with the pellet gun with Tatiana running wildly from the house. Poddar pursued her and was able to catch her up in the tempo stabbing her severally. Poddar then retuned to the house and certain the police of what he had done asking to be handcuffed (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). Dr. Kermit Gruberg, who was serving the Berkeley Police Department upon observation of Poddar in little than twenty four hours of the incident, confirmed that Poddar was a victim of paranoid schizophrenia.Poddar was charged with murder though he refused to enter a plea on the demonstrate of insanity. Some times before he was tried, examinations from a neurologist who was hired by the defense indicated that Poddar had organic deviantities in his brains. During the trial, Dr. Philip Grossi, Dr. Gruberg, Dr. Anderson, Dr. Moore, and Dr. Gold gave testimonies that Podder was insane and a paranoid schizophrenic. It was during the testimonies of Dr. Moore and Dr. Gold that the details about the victims plans to murder Tatiana were exposed.Poddar was convicted to split second degree murder and following numerous appeals, he was released and ordered to immediately leave the United States, never to come back (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). Vitaly and Lydia Tarasoff, who were parents to Tatiana, filed the wrongful death suits against the University of California and the psychotherapists who were treating Poddar. The parents alleged four actions which included failure to detain Poddar by the psychotherapists and failure to warn the Tarasoffs that Poddar was of potential danger to their daughter.The other two allegations included the one directed towards Dr. Powelson following his activities in abandoning a dangerous patient and the last one was regarding the offend of Primary Duty to Patient and the Public which was more same to the first allegation (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). The rulings of the Alameda County Superior Court and the hook of appeals dismissed the case ruling in the favor of the defendants. It was argued that there was no special relationship between the defendants and Tatiana or her parents and thus there was no obligation to warn.Dr. Powelson was said to nurse had no occupation to commit Poddar and in case he did so, this action was fdiscret ionary and in accordance with the statutes. The Tarasoffs were not satisfied and sought redress from the California Supreme Court (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). California Supreme Court Decision and its impacts on counseling profession The decision made in 1976 by the Supreme Court is said to be a second time in considering the case. The in truth first decision was made in 1974 whereas the second decision emanated from the re-hearing which was granted in 1975.The first decision exemplified that the campus police had a case to answer for having failed to warn Tatiana whereas the second decision was freed them from all legal responsibility (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). In the second decision, psychotherapists were handed greater latitude to ecstasy protection to the potential victims. In the first decision by the California Supreme Court, the defendants claimed that had no obligation to issue any warnings to Tatiana or the Tarasoffs since they were not patients to the therapists. The court rejected this view while observing some exceptions.Under this the court observed that though the defendants had an exceptional relationship with Poddar as their patient they had even seek to control his behavior through the initiation of a police detention (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). The defendants were also opposed to the duty to warn potential victims calling it problematic in the performance of their duties. However, the Court was quick to assure that not all incidences reported could result into the duty to warn and that a reasonable degree of skill, knowledge, and care would be required in exercising good judgment within the acceptable professional opinion.On the need to protect the confidentiality of the patient, the Court observed that limitation mustiness be observed in disclosing information to prevent danger of patients to other individuals. In the second decision, the California Supreme Court required the psychotherapists to discharge duty to the endangere d third parties by other means apart from warning them. The duty to warn was therefore changed to become the duty to protect under the second decision.The Court held on the decision that required the psychotherapy to protect third party victims upon using reasonable care aimed at protecting the other individuals from the dangers posed by their patients. The Court held that the Psychiatrists could warn the would be victims directly, sending other people who are likely to inform the intended individual, informing the law enforcement agencies, or taking any necessary step depending on the situation (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). Following the landmark ruling in the Tarasoff v.Regents of University of California, many individuals thought that such a decision was an abnormal one and likely to be overlooked. The professions in mental health also observed that this decision was aimed at undermining psychotherapy practice through the destruction of the principles of confidentiality. such observations were to be proved wrong since in a couple of years time, a New Jersey Superior Court in the McIntosh v. Milano (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000), indicted a psychiatrist basing on the Tarasoff incident.It has to be observed that the California Supreme Court decision which required the mental health professions to give a warning to third party individuals who were in potential danger from their patients has been adopted in most jurisdictions and the decision has even been broaden to incorporate other areas in healthcare practice (Buckner, and Firestone, 2000). The American Counseling Association (ACA) elaborates on the steps to be taken when there is a conflict between the established code of ethics and law requirement.The ACA observes that in the event there is a conflict, the counselors gain the duty to make known their commitment to the ACA Code of Ethics and when the conflict stands unresolved by this counselors have no choice but to relinquish their code of ethics an d adhere to the laws and regulations. This means that the law reigns when there is a conflict between the established ethical responsibilities and the law (Docstoc, 2010). The Tragedy at Virginia Tech Preliminary facts regarding the tragic incident at the Virginia Tech in the year 2007 were appalling.On this portentous day, 33 students and ply lost their lives in a shooting spree carried out by one of the students at the institution. The perpetrator was an English student known as Cho Seung-Hui who was set forth as a loner by his colleagues and is said have been identified by at least two of his professors as troubled. Earlier on the fateful day, Cho Seung-Hui is said to have mailed a tape to NBC News after having killed two of his victims. In the tape, he fumed against the wealthy in the society and argued that the society was to blame for his actions.The tape indicates that Cho Seung-Hui was full of rage and that he was emotionally troubled. His roommates and friends observed t hat Cho Seung-Hui showed anti-social tendencies on campus. He is said to have rarely engaged in conversations and was known for one word answers especially on questions that could expose much of him. Further more it has been established that much of the writings made by Cho in his dustup work revealed violence and murderous images and fury directed towards the pistillate gender (Angelo, 2007).The incident at the Virginia Tech relates in many aspects to the Tarasoff case where the defendants failed to issue warning to the victim and her family. The United States Department of Education findings indicate that the institution dishonored the established campus crime-reporting legislations in responding to the shootings. It is argued that after the first shooting incident occurred at around a quarter past seven in the morning only for the university to issue the email warning at around nine thirty.A wink later the gunman went on a shooting spree which resulted in the death of 33 stu dents and professors including the gunman who shot himself. Timely warning was not issued and that the e-mail that was issued was inadequate as it failed to comprehensively pass the message. The mail read, shooting incident without mentioning any fatalities. There is no justification for the two hour delay from the very first incident and the vagueness of the warning.The Virginia Tech officials had enough information that could have helped in identifying the threat and passing information to students and employees (Lipka, 2010). After the shooting, many people have claimed to have raised an alarm regarding Chos behavior two years before the incident. His English teacher at the institute is said to have been alarmed by his drawings and even asked him to stay out of class. There were also two other complaints rose by female students at the institution.Cho is said to have contacted one of the female in person and by phone and the other through instant message. After the incident were r eported to the campus police, the only asked Cho not to repeat his advances. In the year 2005, the victim is said to have been ordered to a psychiatric observation by a court which revealed that he posed imminent danger to himself. He is also said to have spoken of suicide on several occasion. The officials from higher education claims that these observations are in contravention with the students function to privacy.Thus the institution was not in any position to conduct the parents of Cho without his consent on his background (Angelo, 2007). It is evident that those who had some crucial information on Cho Seung-Hui did not take the bold step on sharing the same. It is assumed that by sharing the information that colleagues and professors held about that the young man harbored could have seen the unpicturesque incident averted through psychotherapy. It has been argued that his roommates and some professors had observed some warning behavioral traits.According to the findings of t he 2007 Report to the President on Issues Raised by the Virginia Tech Tragedy it was found that there are impediments in sharing of crucial information. One of the findings read Education officials, healthcare providers, law enforcement personnel, and others are not fully informed about when they can share critical information on persons who are likely to be a danger to self or others, and the resulting confusion may chill legitimate information sharing (The White House, 2007, para 4) ConclusionIn the Tarasoff incident, the patient is said to have revealed of his intention to kill the girlfriend to the psychiatrists but the therapist failed to issue a warning to the intended victim which tragically ended in the death of the victim. The therapists were found to be answerable for having failed in their duty to warn the victim of the potential danger posed by their patient. The psychiatrists cited breach of confidentiality in their defense which was dismissed by the Supreme Court rulin g by offering guidelines on the confidentiality issue.The Virginia Tech incident on the other hand presents a scenario where the institution was barred by the right to privacy to inquire into the psychiatric background of the student gunman and this led to the fatal incident where many lives were lost in cold murder. Reference Angelo, J. M. , (2007). Tragedy at Virginia Tech. Retrieved on seventeenth July 2010 from http//www. universitybusiness. com/viewarticle. aspx? articleid=758 Buckner, F. , and Firestone, M. , (2000). Where the Public Peril Begins 25 Years After Tarasoff. Retrieved on seventeenth July 2010 from http//cyber. law. harvard.edu/torts01/syllabus/readings/buckner. html Docstoc, (2010). Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Practice. Retrieved on 17th July 2010 from http//www. docstoc. com/docs/18350933/Ethical-and-Legal-Issues-in-Counseling-Practice Lipka, S. , (2010). Virginia Tech Contests Education Departments Assertion of Late Warning in 2007 Shootings. Retrieve d on 17th July 2010 from http//chronicle. com/article/Virginia-Tech-Disagrees-With/65613/ The White House, (2007), Report to the President on Issues Raised by the Virginia Tech Tragedy, Retrieved on 17th July 2010 from http//www. hhs. gov/vtreport. html

Benefits and Costs of Investing in China Essay

In impairment of frugal march, mainland China has been performing impressively comequationed to its neighbouring countries in Asia and can compete at par with top developed countries like United States and United Kingdom in terms of volume of business deal and sources of competitive advantages. Likewise, collect to its crowing population sixe and high disposable income of every Chinese household due to its impressive economical development for the past years, China offers great potential market to many transnational companies seeking for large number of customers. This will provide multinational companies high sales and profit from in operation(p) in China.Alongside with the influx of conflicting result investment in China, Chinese share of alternate on their GDP unremitting to increase every year as multinational firms increases the international vocation transactions of China to the rest of the world. Furthermore, due to Chinas large population, it has been able to off er cheaper laborers and large potential market which are both attractive to foreign investors leading to the improvement of their foreign direct investments for the past years since the late 1990s. Without this component, it is impossible for China to attain its present state and achievements.Since 1999, the GDP egress rate of China has been performing impressively as foreign direct investments stabilized major economic indicators, specific entirelyy the trade balance and domestic consumption, which are vital in determining the overall performance of a given economy. This only suggests that China can offer high return on investments to investors in the next coming years as Chinas GDP growth rate continuous to increase every year.Due to the effort of the Chinese government to attract more foreign investors into their market, it has been extensively supporting the development of its communication infrastructure by providing subsidies to telephone companies. This would soon boost the business activities all over the domestic market of China.CostsCompared to communication infrastructure, physical infrastructure of China seems to develop at a s refuse rate thereby could impede for the fast growth of foreign investments in China. though the Chinese government is also on the process of improving their facilities in this area, but, overall it is static lower compared to the development of their communication facilities as mentioned above.On the communist government, one of the primary factors that scare foreign investors in putting their capitals in China due to rampant corruption and insufficient laws that would protect the interest of foreign investors. Add to this the weak economic freedom, which could draw potential investors away of China if the situation continues to exist in the next coming years.Per capita GDP in urban areas are undeniably high but considering the conditions of those households from the verdant areas, overall, per capita GDP of China is no t in good condition as wealth distribution is still skewed towards to the households in the urban areas.Another cost or disadvantage in the Chinese economy is the high inflation rate which has been one of the economic problems of China that it presently faces due to its fast-paced economic growth. This could pose either as beneficial or detrimental to foreign investors depending on the type of fruit they will sell in the Chinese market and the size of their operation in China.In terms of infrastructure, most of the major waterways of China are on the process of gradual formation as the Chinese government wants to utilize its waterways efficiently specially the river systems in the mainland. The Chinese government is still on the process of developing its roads and highways especially those roads that would connect different provinces to major cities. It would still take a few more years before this physical infrastructure will be fully developed.ReferencesBodde, Derk. Introduction. Chinese Thought, Society, and Science The Intellectual and Social Background of Science and Technology in Pre-modern China. Honolulu University of Hawaii Press, 1991. pp 3-4.Qiang, Christine Zhen-Wei. Chinas Information Revolution Managing the Economic and Social Transformation. Herndon, VA, USA World Bank, The, 2007. p 2.

Environmental Science I Syllabus

Respect the learning and safety of others Be punctual. Be safe. Be thoughtful. Exploration of information through trial and error and testing hypotheses give be fostered in this class, so an environment of respect and safety is key. Treat others the way you indirect request to be treated, with thoughtfulness and courtesy. Be move early or on time. No ones time is more important that the contiguous person. We must hire the time we deplete to learn together wisely. Respect every member of the classrooms personal space, belongings, and ideas. All students atomic number 18 to take c atomic number 18 of the materials and lab environment created in our class.Leave it as it was when you got there or in burst condition. Derogatory comments (including profanity) will non be tolerated. Science is learned through experiment, so you will be taught and tested over the safety of our science lab space, to ensure safety. You are expected to follow these science lab procedures and policies. O Note Due to safety considerations, all bags and belongings will be move in the teacher-de fall guyated area. This will be strictly enforced for our safety. 2. Strive for excellence each day. Be prepared. Be engaged. Be responsible. Do your beat out Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection we can suck in excellence. Vince Lombardi Everyone must be prepared, so we do not waste time. Have your all your materials for class with you in your seat when the bell rings. Actively participate and engage in class activities and discussions. Always do your best work. I expect quality in every assignment, no matter how small or large. Students are responsible for assignment due dates, Late Work Policy, and Make-up Work Policy on next page. Students are expected to follow all Little Rock School District policies, which are tell Ms.Thompson Rituals and Procedures document for specific daily classroom rituals. Consequences for Poor Decisions All decisions in life have adequa te consequences. Below are the disciplinary steps taken if you choose to not follow the classroom expectations, rituals, and procedures. 1. oral Warning 2. rear Phone Call 3. Referral to Assistant Principal 4. Referral with SIS Recommendation 5. Referral with ZOOS Recommendation & Parent Conference The teacher reserves the right to send any student out of the classroom or to the office on referral for extremely disruptive, inappropriate, or severe behavior.Under no circumstance should the teacher have to await a student to leave the classroom more than once. Absences and Make-up Work All absent students will be allowed to make up work. This is the responsibility of the student, not the teacher. The student is responsible for work assigned foregoing to his or her absence. Announced deadlines for long-term assignments, projects, and/or research papers must be honored regardless of attendance. Family emergencies are the only exception to this rule. Tests must be made up the day of your return to lass. encounter the USSR regarding this policy.Students will need to retrieve their make- up work from a responsible classmate and our online Gaggle classroom where all assignments and notes are posted. Late Work Any minor assignment can be false in within one day of the original due date for half credit. It will not be accepted after that time. You are expected to meet all class deadlines. Students must sign the Late Work log if they fail to meet the announced deadline. Food and Drink Students are allowed to have drinks with lids. However, this is a privilege that will be lab days. Communication and Extra HelpI want you to succeed, and I believe that you can. If you ever meet an obstacle on your path to success, please feel warrant to visit for extra help in the morning before school or after school. I am always available by email (Meghan. emailprotected Org) to assist you or your parents however I can. enliven do not wait until the end of the nine weeks to seek help if you are having trouble. This will be too late to get you back on track to succeed. Deadline is a great way for two your family and you to keep up with your grades, use it frequently. Lets work together to make it the best year we can

Book cover judgments

The landmark book assure judgments bears tho disconfirming con nonations. Its widely accepted in the society that a soulfulness should analyze and synthesize all the available information before arriving at any decision. nation who sometimes assume book uphold judgments are considered shallow and hypocritical. Its often deemed to be a sign of narrowness and over-indulged self-opinion. Psychologists struggled to prove that the outset impression is frequently the most lasting and important one, further the society still keeps to the notion that superficial judgments are the greatest evil.Upon careful investigation, it becomes evident that book cover judgments often provide the most relevant and accurate information, being an important way to organize information, which is peculiarly relevant at the dawn of the Information Age. In many cases, book cover judgment sack up provide the most relevant and accurate information. Its especially confessedly intimately making up o nes mind active other peck its a well-known position that the first impression so-and-so be formed from brief exposure to another, and it back end last for years.It can be prove by one of the new fads, speed-dating, organized by such companies as 8MinuteDating and HurryDate, when people meet with a dozen of people for up to ten minutes and then decide on their potential companions. Its concept rests on a simple belief that a couple of minutes can be plenty of time to understand a person up and judge compatibility. Its not a top secret that everybody evaluates each other based on immediate intuitions.Scientists are discovering that in many situations our social intuition is indeed astonishing, as we can sometimes collect a sizeable tot up of information about a persons nature or abilities in equitable a few seconds. Initial encounters are emotionally intense events that can overwhelm us, therefore true and accurate judgments can be formed. Book cover judgments are not simple hardwired reactions, since people are also taught how to judge others, holding our first impressions up to the light of social stereotypes. Implicit attitudes that enter into our calculations are always in place.As a consequence, sometimes book cover judgments are considered synonymous to such course as stereotypes and injurys. Prejudices and stereotypes are schemes that assist us in comprehending the reality when reality does not correspond to our prejudice it is easier for our mind to modify our interpretation of reality than to modify the prejudice. Prejudices aid us to complement information when we do not posses at the moment. And here its of par come importance to draw a line mingled with these two concepts. From a psychological perspective, stereotypes are simply ways to organize information in your head.Having stereotypes amount to having life experience to build upon. Its necessary to use stereotypes to draw parallel with other resembling cases in the past, to avoid m istakes or use the strong sides of some employees. Stereotypes consist basically in dual-lane beliefs or notions about a certain group or event. A stereotype is a compounding of characteristics that sums up this group or event. The goal of stereotypes is to simplify reality. Prejudices, however, are judgements we make about another person or group of people without trying to understand them.They are divided into negative or overbearing in character, yet negative prejudices prevail. Prejudices often go along with ignorance, fear or hatred. When making judgments about groups of people, book cover judgments arent enough. It has been shown already that one cant do without organizing information without help of stereotypes. This is especially true in the Information Age when people are receiving a huge amount of information every second. Information flows are continuously intensifying, and this tendency is projected to amplify in the future. In the past, people had enough time to allo cate to such matters as judging and rethinking.The decline of conventional school of thought at the beginning of the 21st century is the evidence of the diminishing value of in-depth analysis. While this analysis is sometimes performed for a variety of reasons, its conspicuously absent from our everyday life. Its too early to blessed modern men for laziness or ignorance without making book cover judgments, its impossible to make sense of all the information we have to process every day. In other words, book cover judgments are necessary for many reasons. First of all, they can quickly provide much information about a certain person just after few minutes of initial contact.Secondly, stereotypes have been proven to be an important way to organize information. Las but not least, book cover judgments are the only option available to the society living in the Information Age. The society should gradually change its negative perception of quick judgments. Psychologists have already st arted debunking many myths about the psychological mechanism merchant ship making book cover judgments. Instead of trying to diminish the value of this essential psychological tool, people should be trained to handle first impressions effectively and derive maximum information possible from the first seconds of encounter.